Awareness and Preventive Practice of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal-fetal mortality and morbidity, ranking among the top five causes, affecting one in ten births globally. Awareness of preeclampsia helps pregnant women identify the symptoms and take the right actions in time. Nurses can play a vital role in increasing awareness and encouraging preventive practices through counselling and advocacy. Objective: To examine the relationship between awareness and preventive practice regarding preeclampsia among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was carried out among 112 pregnant rural women at 250 Bedded General Hospital, Thakurgaon. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from May to June 2025. A total 50 items, Socio-Demographic and Obstetrics Characteristics (14 items), Awareness Questionnaire (18 items), Preventive Practice Questionnaire (18 items) were used. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with face-to-face interviews, after obtaining informed consent from the participants. The data were analyzed by using computer software with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The majority of the participants were housewives, of low socio-economic status, and maximum participants had a secondary school certificate. The mean score of total awareness was 0.973 (SD = 2.52) out of 18, indicating a low level of awareness. The mean score of preventive practice was 38.72 (SD = 6.37) out of 54, suggesting a moderate level of preventive practice. Some demographic characteristics, such as gestational age, educational background, family monthly income, and number of ANC visits, were significantly associated with preventive practice. There was a positive correlation between awareness and preventive practice (r = 0.372, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The level of awareness regarding preeclampsia was low, with moderate preventive practices among pregnant women. It is important to increase awareness to enhance preventive practices, as better awareness positively influences practices. This study would be beneficial for nurses and policymakers in developing policies and educational programs that empower pregnant women to perform appropriate practices to prevent preeclampsia and reduce adverse health outcomes for the mother and baby.