Relationship Between ABO Blood Groups and Hemoglobin Concentration Among Individuals Aged 18–30 Years in Al-Dabbah Locality

Abstract

Background: The ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group systems are among the most important genetic markers in transfusion medicine and population studies. Hemoglobin concentration is a key hematological parameter used to assess oxygen-carrying capacity and diagnose anemia. Understanding the possible relationship between ABO blood groups, Rh factor, and hemoglobin levels may provide useful clinical and epidemiological insights. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between   ABO blood group and hemoglobin concentration among the study population.  

Methodology:  cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 participants to determine the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups and to assess their relationship with hemoglobin concentration and gender. Blood grouping was performed using standard agglutination methods, and hemoglobin concentration was measured using an automated Hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests to compare mean hemoglobin levels across blood groups and between genders. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 

Results: Among the study population, males represented 55.0%and females 45.0%. The majority of participants were Rh positive across all ABO blood groups, while Rh negative individuals constituted a small proportion. Blood groups A and O (Rh positive) were the most common. No statistically significant association was found between ABO blood group and Rh factor (p = 0.678). Additionally, there was no significant difference in mean hemoglobin concentration among ABO blood groups (p = 0.196), although blood group O showed the highest mean hemoglobin level. In contrast, a highly statistically significant difference in hemoglobin concentration was observed between males and females (p<0.001), with males having higher mean hemoglobin levels than females. 

Conclusion: The study concludes that ABO and Rh blood groups were not significantly associated with hemoglobin concentration in thestudy population.However, gender was found to be a significant determinant of hemoglobin levels. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex differences when interpreting hematological parameters and suggest that blood group type does not play a major role in influencing hemoglobin concentration.