Scientific Feasibility of Converting Injectable Monoclonal Antibodies to Oral Therapeutics: Pharmaceutical Challenges and Nanotechnology-Based Strategies

Abstract

The study investigates the potential of transforming injectable monoclonal antibodies into oral drug forms by assessing current advancements in drug delivery methods. The research team conducted a complete narrative literature review, which examined sources from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to investigate three research topics: nanocarrier systems, intestinal transport mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic outcomes.

Modern techniques such as polymeric nanoparticles and lipid-based carriers, and receptor-targeted delivery systems have shown their ability to safeguard mAbs from gastrointestinal degradation while improving their absorption through mucosal membranes. The study found that injectable forms of the drug provide higher bioavailability compared to oral administration routes. The scientists discovered that adalimumab and infliximab, which belong to the studied antibodies, show higher potential for oral delivery because of their physicochemical properties and therapeutic uses. The molecular size, structural complexity, and dosing requirements make it very difficult for trastuzumab and bevacizumab to complete their required tasks.

Current oral medications have not yet achieved the same clinical results as their injectable versions, according to existing research. The ongoing development of nanotechnology and targeted delivery systems will establish oral biologics as a viable treatment option in the future. The development of these technologies will enhance patient compliance with treatment protocols and make healthcare services easier to obtain, which will benefit patients who require treatment for long-term medical conditions.