The Global Shortage of Midwives: Workforce Challenges and Pathways to Strengthening Maternal Care

Abstract

The global shortage of midwives remains a major challenge to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the critical role midwives play in providing skilled maternal care, many regions continue to experience inadequate workforce capacity due to limited training opportunities, poor working conditions, insufficient funding, and unequal distribution of healthcare professionals. The COVID-19 pandemic further intensified these workforce challenges by increasing stress, burnout, and staff shortages among maternal healthcare providers. This paper examines the historical development of obstetric and gynaecological nursing, current workforce shortages, and the factors contributing to these challenges, including demographic changes, technological advancements, and evolving workplace expectations. It also highlights the importance of simulation-based education, problem-based learning, community health workers, and supportive policies in strengthening maternal care systems. Additionally, the paper discusses the consequences of workforce shortages on provider well-being and patient care quality, emphasizing the need for sustainable interventions. Strategies such as improving midwifery education, enhancing retention and job satisfaction, promoting diversity and inclusion, and increasing community engagement are essential for strengthening maternal healthcare services. A coordinated effort involving governments, educational institutions, healthcare organizations, and communities is necessary to build a resilient maternal health workforce and reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide.