Screen Time and Health Behaviors Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kashmir Valley

Abstract

The proliferation of digital technologies has significantly impacted adolescent health behaviors, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where smartphone adoption has rapidly expanded without corresponding awareness of potential health risks. Objective: To investigate the relationship between screen time, physical activity, body image concerns, and academic performance among adolescents in Kashmir Valley, examining urban-rural and gender- specific patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1000 adolescents (13-18 years) from urban (n=520) and rural (n=480) areas in Kashmir Valley. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, screen usage patterns, lifestyle behaviors, and psychological variables. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and correlation analysis using SPSS v.25. Results: High gadget usage was observed in 78% of participants, with no significant urban-rural differences. Males demonstrated higher odds of excessive screen time (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.12-1.82, p=0.004) and focus difficulties (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.23-2.27, p=0.001). High social media engagement increased odds of body image concerns by 2.78-fold (OR=2.78, 95% CI: 2.15-3.59, p<0.001). Physical inactivity was significantly higher among females (24.5% vs 10.6%, p=0.048). Screen time was associated with sleep disruption in 68-70% of participants. Conclusion: Screen time impacts vary by gender and residence, with males showing greater academic vulnerabilities and females experiencing more physical inactivity and emotional effects. Comprehensive, gender-sensitive interventions targeting screen time management and physical activity promotion are needed.