Pharmacognostical and Phytopharmacological Study of a Tangy Medicinal Famine Fruit Amara: Spondias Pinnata (L.f.) Kurz

Abstract

Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. (F. Anacardiaceae) is a fast-growing tree, commonly known as Amra in local Hindi language. The plant fruits have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulator activity; traditionally used to treat arthritic and digestive issues. The current study endows with significant information about its pharmacognostical and phytopharmacological studies, and its therapeutic qualities for a variety of diseases. The fresh fruits of the plant were used to examine macroscopic, microscopic, and physico-chemical parameters including loss on drying (LOD), extractive value, crude fiber content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulphated ash, phytochemical assessments and TLC. The color, consistency, and percentage of ash, crude fiber content, moisture content, and extractive values in mean values ± SEM were intended concerning the air-dried drug. The entire plant fruit was extensively studied for phytochemical and pharmacological activities. Therefore, the scope of this paper is to standardize the S. pinnata by pharmacognostic analysis, which has been attempted in the current work, and examines the phytochemical and multiple-purpose therapeutic values.