Nigerian Perspective of Social Media Impact on The Mental Health of Undergraduate Students: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Social media has become deeply embedded in the daily routines of Nigerian university students, serving as a tool for interpersonal connection, academic engagement, and identity exploration. However, concerns are growing over its psychological consequences. This systematic review investigates the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes specifically anxiety, depression, sleep disruption, and self-worth among Nigerian undergraduates. A structured literature search was conducted across Medline (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, and the Global Health Library, targeting publications between January 2010 and March 2025. Search strings incorporated variations of terms related to digital platforms (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), mental health indicators (e.g., depression, anxiety, self-esteem), and student populations in Nigeria, alongside relevant socioeconomic and psychosocial variables. Twenty studies comprising both randomized trials and observational designs met the eligibility criteria. Evidence indicates that while these platforms can enhance social connectedness and mental health literacy, they are also associated with heightened levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perceived loneliness. Contributing mechanisms include Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), upward social comparison, and online victimization. Despite these risks, social media provides avenues for awareness campaigns and peer support networks that may benefit students facing psychological distress. The findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach that encourages mindful usage, integrates mental health promotion into digital spaces, and fosters resilience through targeted educational and technological interventions.