Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing the Nutrition of Children below Five Years in Kiagbodo Community in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Proper nutrition during early childhood supports physical growth, cognitive maturation, and immune competence.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the perceived socio-cultural factors influencing the nutritional status of children under five years in Kiagbodo community. Methods: The study was guided by the Socio-Ecological Model and employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. A sample of 244 mothers was selected from a total population of 500 mothers using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies, with results presented in tables. Results: Regarding dietary practices and food preferences, protein-rich foods were given daily to 39.3% of children, 2–3 times per week to 41.8%, once a week to 11.5%, and rarely to 7.4%. On maternal education as a determinant of child nutrition, 41.8% strongly agreed and 37.7% agreed, while 20.5% did not view education level as a major factor. Regarding factors affecting nutritional choices, half of the respondents (50.0%) strongly agreed and 32.0% agreed that high food costs limit their ability to provide nutritious meals, indicating that financial constraints are a major barrier to child nutrition in the community. Conclusion: Although most children receive three meals daily, the diversity and quality of their diets are limited, particularly regarding fruits, vegetables, and protein-rich foods. Addressing financial barriers and improving dietary variety are critical for better nutritional outcomes in this community.