A Case Report of a Six-Month-Old Female Infant with Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect and Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Abstract

Background: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) ranks among the most prevalent congenital anomalies affecting newborns globally. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) and Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) are the most common acyanotic congenital heart defects. These conditions create abnormal connections between heart chambers, leading to left-to-right shunting and increased pulmonary blood flow, which can progress to pulmonary arterial hypertension if left untreated.

Case Presentation: This report details the case of a six-month-old female infant who exhibited symptoms of excessive crying, breathing difficulties, and trouble feeding. An echocardiogram identified a moderate perimembranous ventricular septal defect and a moderate ostium secundum atrial septal defect, both with left-to-right shunting. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure was around 70 mmHg, suggesting pulmonary arterial hypertension. The infant was sent to a specialized cardiac center for further treatment.

Management and Outcome: Surgical repair of both septal defects was successfully completed. Post-surgery care involved oxygen therapy, cardiac monitoring, medications, and supportive pediatric nursing. The infant gradually showed clinical improvement, with reduced respiratory distress and better feeding behavior.

Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are essential to avert severe complications linked to congenital septal defects. Pediatric nurses are vital in the early identification, postoperative care, and education of parents. A multidisciplinary approach greatly enhances the survival rates and quality of life for infants with congenital heart disease.