Academic Stress and Coping Strategies: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Stress related to academic demands is a growing concern across all levels of education. Students frequently encounter pressures arising from examinations, assignments, competition, and expectations from family and society. When academic requirements exceed an individual's perceived capacity to cope, psychological distress may result. Persistent exposure to such stress can adversely influence mental health, academic outcomes, and overall quality of life. Effective coping mechanisms serve as protective factors that enhance resilience and promote adaptation. This review synthesizes existing literature on the nature, determinants, theoretical foundations, consequences, and management strategies of academic stress. Evidence-based interventions aimed at minimizing stress and strengthening adaptive coping among students are also discussed. A comprehensive understanding of academic stress is essential for developing institutional and individual-level support systems that foster student well-being.